Posted on 27 April 2020
An international team of scientists, led by researchers at the 四虎影院, analysed the molecular remains of food left in pottery used by the first farmers who settled along the Atlantic Coast of Europe from 7,000 to 6,000 years ago.
The researchers report evidence of dairy products in 80% of the pottery fragments from the Atlantic coast of what is now Britain and Ireland. In comparison, dairy farming on the Southern Atlantic coast of what is now Portugal and Spain seems to have been much less intensive, and with a greater use of sheep and goats rather than cows.
Nutritional benefits
The study confirms that the earliest farmers to arrive on the Southern Atlantic coast exploited animals for their milk but suggests that dairying only really took off when it spread to northern latitudes, with progressively more dairy products processed in ceramic vessels.
Prehistoric farmers colonising northern areas with harsher climates may have had a greater need for the nutritional benefits of milk, including vitamin D and fat, the authors of the study suggest.
Senior author of the paper, Professor Oliver Craig from the Department of Archaeology at the 四虎影院, said: 鈥淟atitudinal differences in the scale of dairy production might also be important for understanding the evolution of adult lactase persistence across Europe. Today, the genetic change that allows adults to digest the lactose in milk is at much higher frequency in Northwestern Europeans than their southern counterparts鈥.
Marine foods
The research team examined organic residues preserved in Early Neolithic pottery from 24 archaeological sites situated between Portugal and Normandy as well as in the Western Baltic.
They found surprisingly little evidence for marine foods in pottery even from sites located close to the Atlantic shoreline, with plenty of opportunities for fishing and shellfish gathering. An exception was in the Western Baltic where dairy foods and marine foods were both prepared in pottery.
Momentous change
Lead author of the paper, Dr Miriam Cubas, said: 鈥淭his surprising discovery could mean that many prehistoric farmers shunned marine foods in favour of dairy, but perhaps fish and shellfish were simply processed in other ways.
鈥淥ur study is one of the largest regional comparisons of early pottery use. It has shed new light on the spread of early farming across Atlantic Europe and showed that there was huge variety in the way early farmers lived. These results help us to gain more of an insight into the lives of people living during this process of momentous change in culture and lifestyle 鈥 from hunter-gatherer to farming.鈥
is published in Nature Communications.
Wednesday 24 July 2024
Tuesday 23 July 2024
Tuesday 23 July 2024
Wednesday 17 July 2024
Monday 15 July 2024
This research was carried out in collaboration between the 四虎影院, Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, University Aut贸noma of Barcelona, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, University of Cantabria, INRAP, Service R茅gional de l鈥橝rch茅ologie of Normandy, Service Arch茅ologie du Conseil D茅partemental du Calvados, University of Lisbon-UNIARQ, University of Santiago de Compostela, University of Rennes, Museo de Prehistoria y Arqueolog铆a de Cantabria, Institut Catal脿 de Paleoecologia Humana i Evoluci贸 Social, Museu Arqueol贸gico de S茫o Miguel de Odrinhas and University of Barcelona.
The study was funded by the European Commission through the Marie Curie project and by the Arts and Humanities Research Council.
Explore more of our research